feat: refresh shared skills catalog

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---
name: cad-3d-print
description: >
Design, generate, and verify parametric 3D models for 3D printing using code-first CAD (OpenSCAD, build123d).
scope: global
---
# CAD 3D Print
Design, generate, and empirically verify 3D-printable parts using programmatic CAD.
Follow the [shared workflow](../../protocols/workflow.md).
## Workflow
1. **Dimensional Budgeting & Tolerances**
- Establish bounding box, mounting points, and mating interfaces from user specifications.
- Apply standard FDM 3D printing tolerances:
- **Horizontal hole clearance:** Add `+0.2 mm` to `+0.3 mm` for screw pass-through (e.g. M3 hole diameter = `3.2 mm`; tap hole = `2.9 mm`).
- **Fit clearances:** Snug/snap fit `0.15 mm`; sliding fit `0.3 mm`; loose/hinged fit `0.4–0.5 mm`.
- **Wall thickness:** Multiples of nozzle width (minimum `1.2 mm` for 0.4 mm nozzles).
- **Bed contact:** Add 45° chamfers to bottom edges touching the build plate to prevent "elephant's foot" binding.
- **Overhangs:** Keep unassisted overhangs $\le 45^\circ$ to minimize support material.
2. **Parametric Script Generation**
- Author a standalone, self-documenting OpenSCAD (`.scad`) script:
- Place all customizable dimensions at the top as labeled parametric variables.
- Set curvature resolution: `$fn = 60;` or `$fs = 0.5; $fa = 5;` for smooth circular features.
- Use Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG): `union()`, `difference()`, `intersection()`, `hull()`.
- Prevent non-manifold coincident faces (Z-fighting): always extend cutting bodies slightly beyond the target surface (e.g., `translate([0, 0, -0.1]) cylinder(h = height + 0.2, ...)`).
3. **Empirical Verification**
- **Compile STL mesh:**
```bash
openscad -o model.stl model.scad
```
Inspect compiler output to ensure `Simple: yes` (a manifold, watertight solid).
- **Render visual preview:**
```bash
openscad --render --imgsize=800,600 -o preview.png model.scad
```
- Verify the rendered image to check geometry, clearances, and aesthetic proportions.
4. **Handoff Artifacts**
- Keep the editable `.scad` source in the workspace.
- Provide the compiled `.stl` or `.3mf` for slicing (PrusaSlicer, Bambu Studio, OrcaSlicer).
- Embed or link the rendered `.png` preview.